We know that the folks, the people of the world have a rich literary heritage, witness to their history, origin, development, and progress they know about the past of their ancestors who lived and settled on the territory of Central Asia. It deserves special attention because it has a rich cultural heritage rooted in antiquity. Such information comes to us through the most valuable monuments of material and spiritual culture, magnificent architectural structures, sculptural images, paintings, and unique manuscripts found by scientists from Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and other nearby regions [10].

The development of the culture of each society occurs based on continuity, reflecting its material conditions and socio-economic needs. The culture of any nation can develop only based on the cultural achievements of the past. People do not create everything but use ready-made values of material and spiritual culture. There are many examples of this from history because it would not be an exaggeration to say that they have already found their confirmation.

Writing this small research paper, we have studied the works of many researchers who have studied the work of Khaled Hosseini, and we realized that it has been depicted. According to their information, we can say that although different peoples live in Central Asia, they are distinguished by many common points in life and way of thinking. There is no difference between the inhabitant of these countries at all (except for appearance and language) [9]. We learn such valuable information from the works of researchers and the books of the Afghan writer and doctor Khaled Hosseini. Human relations play a role in the writer's works, and his characters describe the objective landscape of Afghanistan and its border regions. According to Rozmanova's information, the writer took the first step into Afghan literature. The literary work of Khaled Hosseini and the writer deliberately uses the functions of this type of fiction in three of his novels. Learning the book of Hosseini, it is not difficult to find out loyalty people trust in each other and hope for tomorrow and the future from the characters in the novel are fading in the language of people moving from their homeland to other regions [8]. 

In the essential part of this article, we considered it permissible to touch briefly on the life and work of Khaled Hosseini. The books of Khaled Hosseini, who was born in Afghanistan and lived in America by the will of fate, created three world-famous works telling about the past and present life of Central Asia, especially Afghanistan and the sad destiny of its women: "A Thousand Splendid Suns"  "The Kite Runner”  “The Mountain Echoed” entered the minds and hearts of readers by taking their place in the world of literature, and becoming bestsellers, they stand out from the background of the works of other writers. It is interesting how close these books  to the reader. The bloody wars that have been going on in Afghanistan for several decades have changed the fate of millions of people so that words about a beautiful life have become a dream for them. Khaled Hosseini, who witnessed such wars, vividly embodied the events that shook his heart in the images of his heroes  [13].

The Hosseini’s  work is mainly related to nationality, which requires showing the internal and external cultural characteristics hero. As you know, the main factors that manifest nationality include the lifestyle of the people, customs, mores, behavior, and the consequences of people for each other. In the works of the writer, some concepts confirm that not only every people but also representatives of every person are different from each of them and embodied in the character of the work.

The region of Central Asia differs from other regions in having a rich and colorful culture with different ethnic groups, languages, and traditions. Its literature reflects the unique characteristics of the peoples of the zone, including their mentality, experience, beliefs, and worldview. Here, some features of the literary tradition of Central Asia are important, and we considered it appropriate to mention them. First, oral tradition occupies a special place in literature. We know from history that there is a strong tradition of oral storytelling in the literary genre of Central Asia. Its known from the folk songs that folk tales, fairy tales, songs, and epics are often passed down from generation to generation.

The next feature can be called the influence of Islam. This religion has had a significant presence in Central Asia since the 8th century it teachings have had a strong influence on the literature of the zone. Islamic themes, values, and symbols can be found in many works of Central Asian literature, especially in the poetry of the region [1].

The next feature is works related to love and romantic relationships. We see them in various forms for example: in many works of Central Asian literature, love and romantic themes are often studied from the books of writers about marriages of arranged marriage and other traditional forms of dating [7]. When determining the conditions for the emergence of the culture of the peoples of Central Asia, it is necessary to pay attention to its geographical location and natural resources. In general, Central Asian literature reflects a rich and varied cultural heritage, with a strong emphasis on storytelling, Islamic influence, nomadic traditions, respect for elders, love and romance paying attention [11].

The article titled "Ancient Cultivation" shows two features of the culture of Central Asia: on the one hand, its development in the interaction of different cultures, and on the other hand, its evolution in close contact with other centers of ancient civilizations. If we consider these features in detail, then the processes of formation of the Central Asian culture will appear [9].

Only the way of lifestyle, worldview, features, and concepts in the names of things and objects differ from other peoples. Such features distinguish the way of thinking, behavior, clothing, food, customs, and other specific characteristics of these people from others. As a result, different words belong only to these people, and these words do not exist in the language of other nations.

At this point, we will focus on the coverage of Central Asia, especially Afghan culture, in the works of KhaledHosseini. By studying the books, we will have the opportunity to get acquainted with the geographical location, nature, nationality and culture, language, and customs of the Afghan people of the country. Unlike its neighboring countries, Afghanistan has endured decades, if not centuries, of inter-civilian violence, and the disorder and chaos in its structures have shattered the aspirations of the Afghan people. The country was divided into three regions: Northern Plains, Central Sightings, and Southern Plains.

The northern plains have formerly was used for agriculture, but due to droughts and wars, most of the campaign was destroyed. Thus, Afghanistan is considered a third-world country mainly due to its geographic location and history of wars. In one of the writer's works, the contrast between the streets of the central cities of Afghanistan and the rural villages of Kabul is shown in the heroine's description of Nana's house in a remote countryside and the area where Maryam's father lives.

It was Muhsin, Jalil's eldest son by his first wife, Khadija, who suggested the clearing. It was on the outskirts of Gul Daman. To get to it, one took a rutted, uphill dirt track that branched off the main road between Herat and Gul Daman. The track was flanked on either side by knee-high grass and speckles of white and bright yellow flowers. The track snaked uphill and led to a flat field where poplars and cottonwoods soared and wild bushes grew in clusters. From up there, one could make out the tips of the rusted blades of Gul Daman's windmill, on the left, and, on the right, all of Herat spread below. The path ended perpendicular to a wide, trout-filled stream, which rolled down from the Safid-kohmountains surrounding Gul Daman. Two hundred yards upstream, toward the mountains, there was a circular grove of weeping willow trees. In the center, in the shade of the willows, was the clearing. The example above describes the nature of the far-away villages of Afghan society.

Afghan culture constantly exhibits a patriarchal despotism in which women are subordinate to their husbands, especially boys, and male children are the only way to gain social status. An example is the fate of the children of Rashid and Leila: Aziza and Zalmay from "A Thousand Splendid Suns" by Hosseini, their eldest daughter Aziza end up in an orphanage. But Zalmai highly valued his sons, and his wishes were fulfilled. If Aziza were a boy, she would not have been sent to an orphanage. Even when she was born, there was no great joy, that is, there was no great joy in Afghan families when a girl was born [4].

Although KhaledHosseini writes his fiction in English, being an Afghan, he often adds Persian, Arabic, and Turkish words and phrases to his text, for example: “Allah-u-Akbar, naan, og‘a, saratan, zakot, hadj, namaz, qiyomat, chapandoz,  mast, padar, bachem, Zindagi migzara, Baba jon, sherjangi”[7]. Another great feature of Hosseini's writings is that he quotes Persian and Turkish poets in his text, and this connection keeps readers up to date with Asian culture. The novel “A Thousand Splendid Suns” describes a people's faith in the future and hope. As mentioned above, it was depicted that the majority of the population of Afghanistan has been forced to leave their homeland due to war, poverty, depression, and the fictional characters of Hosseini. Firstly, the writer wanted to describe the sorrows of his heroes leaving Kabul using the "Kabul" poems of SaibiTabrizi and used the translation of this poem by Josephine Barry Davis [4].

One could not count the moons that shimmer on her roofs,

Or the thousand splendid suns that hide behind her walls [4].

We know that some people have a way of lifestyle, worldview, features, and concepts in the names of things and objects that differ from those of other people. Such features distinguish the way of thinking, behavior, clothing, food, customs, and other specific characteristics of these people from other people. As a result, different words belong only to these people, and these words do not exist in other people's languages. If you look at it from this point of view, then in the works of Khaled Hosseini, the features of the life of the peoples of Central Asia are described intelligibly and skillfully, which awakens the reader's broad imagination, and in the necessary places, uses words skillfully that belong only to this region [2].

This  passage is used in the writings of Khaled Hosseini:

“You want to come with my family," the young man said "I know it's zahmat for you. But you look like a decent brother, and I-" "Don't worry, hamshira I understand. It's no trouble. Let me go and buy your tickets."

"Thank you, brother. This is sawab, a good deed. God will remember” [3].

The mentioned passage also uses words denoting nationality and culture. Words such as “zahmat, hamshira, and savob” are used in this passage, the same meaning as words like difficulty, nurse, and good deed in English. It helped shed light on a culture based on its reality. We know that it is significant for Muslims to do good deeds and help others called a reward. Doing good deeds is obligatory for every Muslim. From this, the use of this word also testifies to the uniqueness of the national culture.

The purpose of this study is to determine the main feature of the diminishing of the concepts of loyalty, trust, and hope in the minds of people in the works of Khaled Hosseini ("The Kite Runner" "A Thousand Splendid Suns" "And The Mountain Echoed"). A critical and positive detailed analysis of the cited works show that the main reasons for the disappearance of the words loyalty, trust, and hope in the writer's literary work are related to the political situation in Afghanistan.

​  In addition, it can be said that in this article, "A Thousand Splendid Suns" is considered as one of the works of Khaled Hosseini, one of the American Afghan writers, which tells about the lifestyle, culture and traditions of Central Asia, especially Afghanistan and its neighboring regions. Through the book, we tried to shed light on the development of events based on national culture. In “A Thousand Splendid Suns”, he skillfully used the realities of written national culture and effectively used them to describe the following national features.

Finally, we can say that those who studied the work can easily enjoy the rich literary, spiritual, and material life of people who lived in Central Asia. The value of the author's works is that they are thorough and easily illuminated. He skillfully used words to express nationality. In his works, he used such national costumes as “chopon, burqa, hijab, pakol” realities. Through these concepts, the reader not only helps to visualize the Afghan folk's costumes but also give us to get acquainted with their national costumes. The nationality and The reader who reads the literary works realize the culture of the folk.

Khaled Hosseini's novel, "The Kite Runner," offers a vivid portrayal of the lifestyle of the people of Afghanistan. Hosseini depicts various aspects of Afghan cultures, such as social customs, political structures, and economic conditions. Here are some of the elements that Hosseini illuminates about Afghan people's lifestyle in his novel:

1. Family Structure: Hosseini portrays the extended family structure as prevalent in Afghanistan. Children live with their parents and grandparents in the same household, and there is a strong emphasis on filial piety and respect for elders. In the novels of Hosseini we can come across with the words: “Baba, hamshira, Tufan-aga, keka-djan, xala, Bibi-djo”, which express relationship between people.

2. Gender Roles: Hosseini's novel reflects the patriarchal nature of Afghan society, where men have a dominant position. Women are expected to follow strict gender roles and remain subservient to male members of the family. However, Hosseini's characters also challenge these norms and push for gender equality.

3. Education: Education is a privilege in Afghanistan, especially for women. In the novel, Hosseini shows that people often lack access to education or the resources to pursue it. Additionally, political instability and conflict disrupt educational opportunities.

4. Religion: Afghanistan is a predominantly Muslim country, and Hosseini portrays the importance of religion in everyday life. Prayers and religious rituals are a regular part of people's routines, and religious authority figures hold significant social and political power. We can clarify this through the words: “azan, Baytulla, Bismillah, zakyat, inshalla”, which can be found in his world-famous novels.

5. The Impact of War: The novel portrays the long-lasting impact of war and conflict on Afghanistan. Hosseini depicts the effects of war, such as displacement, violence, and destruction, on the Afghan people's lives, especially on children's mental and emotional well-being.

6. Social Customs: The novel shows various Afghan social customs, such as hospitality, community values, and traditional festivals. The custom of kite flying, which is central to the plot of the novel, illustrates the importance of recreation and leisure activities in Afghan culture.

In summary, "The Kite Runner" offers a rich portrayal of Afghan people's lifestyle, highlighting their customs, beliefs, and traditions. The novel illuminates the diverse aspects of Afghan society, from family life to religion, education, and politics. Hosseini's work humanizes Afghan people and their struggles, shedding light on the complex challenges they face in their daily lives.

Glossary

Baba-jon - father

Bachem – my child

Baytulla– house of the God, house of Allah

Bibi-djo –mother

Burqa – a long, loose garment covering the whole body from the head to feet, worn in public by women

Chapandoz – master rider

Chopon – (wrapper, cloak, coat, outer garment) is a coat worn over clothes, usually during the cold winter months

Gul Daman–the village not far from Herat

Hadj–the pilgrimage to Mecca

Hamshira - sister

Herat – is an oasis city and the third-largest city of Afghanistan

Inshalla–if Allah wills

Kabul – the capital of Afghanistan

Keka-djan - uncle

Mast - drunken

Naan – yeast bread

Namaz – the ritual prayers prescribed by Islam to be observed five times a day

Nana – grand-mother

Og’a - brother

Padar - father

Pakol – a round topped, soft type of men’s hat

Qiyomat – the end of the world

Safid-koh – name of the mountains, Herat lies in the spurs of the ranges of it

SaibiTabrizi–Azerbaijanian poet, mostly wrote in farsi (1601-1677)

Saratan – the hottest month of the summer

Sawab – a good deed

Sherjangi – the battle by poems

Tufan-aga – nickname “Hurricane bro”

Xala - aunt

Zahmat - difficulties

Zakot–the form of almsgiving, a religious obligation

Zindagimigzara – live life